The order APOCYNACEAE includes a number of plants which offers us many varieties of medicinal substances. The members of the family are usually trees or erect shrubs, rarely herbs. They grow mostly in tropical areas and a few in temperate regions. The leaves are simple, opposite or whorled. Flowers are hermaphrodites. Fruit, a dry or fleshy drupe or berry. The leaves have cathartic properties, the roots emetic and the barks bitter and astringent.

MEDICINES BELONGING TO APOCYNACEAE
1. APOCYNUM CANNABINUM
2. APOCYNUM ANDROSAEMIFOLIUM
3. ALSTONIA CONSTRICTA
4. ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS
5. ASPIDOSPERMA QUEBRACHO
6. CARISSA SCHIMPERI
7. CYMARINUM
8. ECHITES SUBERECTA
9. HOLARRHENA ANTI DYSENTRICA
10. OLEANDER
11. QUABINUM
12. RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA
13. STROPHANTHUS HISPIDUS
14. STROPHANTHUS SARMENTOSUS
15. TANGHINIA
16. THEVETIA
17. TOXICOPHLEA THUMBERGI
18. VINCA MINOR
 
ALKALOIDS
1. ASPIDOSPERMINUM
2. DITAIN
3. RESERPINE
4. STROPHANTHINUM
 
The plants of this order are very poisonous. They depress the nervous system causing prostration, narcosis and paralysis. The flowers and leaves may even cause death in weaker animals.

COMMON CHARACTERISTICS
1) DROPSICAL AFFECTIONS- Renal and Cardiac dropsy, Anasarca,       Dropsy of serous membranes. Increases the flow of urine.
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM
APOCYNUM ANDROSAE MIFOLIUM
STROPHANTHUS
ASPIDOSPERMA
 
2) ACTION ON HEART- Cardiac dropsy, Fatty degeneration, Arteriosclerosis, Hypertension, Cardiac asthma, Myocardial debility. Cardiac Depressants.
STROPHANTHUS
RAUWOLFIA
ASPIDOSPERMA
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM
 
3) ACTION ON MUCUS MEMBRANE OF GIT-Producing diarrhoea and vomiting. Stools copious , watery , discharged with an expulsive force, escapes while passing flatus, paralysis of sphincter ani. Empty all gone sensation in stomach.
ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS
ALSTONIA CONSTRICTA
HOLARRHENA ANTI DYSENTRICA
TANGHINIA
THEVETIA
OLEANDER
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM

4)ACTION ON CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM- Depressing and sedative action. Weakness of memory, slowness of perception, trembling externally, weakness and debility.
APOCYNUM
 OLEANDER
RAUWOLFIA
 ALSTONIA CONSTRICTA
ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS
TANGHINIA
 
5)ACTION ON SKIN- Violent itching eruptions, bleeding and oozing especially of the scalp, behind ears and on face, Crusta lactea. Oozing hardens in to a crust beneath which vermins breed.
VINCA MINOR
OLEANDER
 
INDIVIDUAL DRUGS IN DETAIL 

APOCYNUM ANDROSAEMIFOLIUM
Common name – Dogbane
Part used - Root
· Rheumatic affections with stiffness and wandering `pains, go from         above downwards.
· Dropsy with swollen sensation of face and body.
· Trembling and prostration.
· Everything smells and tastes like honey.
· Expells ascarides and other worms.
 
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM
Common name – Indian hemp
Part used - Whole fresh plant including root
· Dropsical affections acute or inflammatory, renal or cardiac, after typhoid or scarlatina, cirrhosis, dropsy of serous membranes
· .Dropsy with thirst, but water disagrees and is vomited out.
· Excretions diminished especially urine and sweat.
· A sinking all gone feeling in the stomach.
· Hydrocephalous, forehead projected, sight of one eye lost, constant motion of one arm and leg.
· Amenorrhoea in young girls with dropsy.
· Metrorrhagia fluid or clotted, nausea, vomiting, fainting when raising head from pillow.
· Cough, short and dry or deep and loose during pregnancy.
 
ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS
Common name - Dita bark
Part used - Bark
· Camp diarrhea, Dysentery, bloody stools.
· Diarrhoea from bad water and malaria.
· Painless watery stools , violent purging with cramps,discharged with expulsive force.
· Diarrhoea immediately after eating, has to leave the table before finishing a meal
· A sinking all gone sensation in the stomach.
· Malaria , a tonic after exhausting fevers.
 
 ALSTONIA CONSTRICTA
Common name - Bitter bark
Part used - Bark
· Symptoms similar to Alstonia Scholaris 
 
 ASPIDOSPERMA
Common name - Quebracho
· Digitalis of the Lungs.
· Removes  temporary obstruction to the oxidation of blood by stimulating the respiratory centres.
· Cardiac Asthma, severe nocturnal dyspnoea.
· Want of breath during exertion.
· Mitral stenosis, Fatty degeneration of heart.

 CARISSA SHIMPERI
· Debility and general weakness.
 
 CYMARINUM
· Pulse frequent
 
 ECHITES SUBERECTA
· Trembling externally.
 
HOLARRHENA ANTI DYSENTRICA
Common name - Kurchi
· Acute and chronic Dysentery.
· More mucus but blood is less.
· With fever, loss of appetite, colicky pain around navel.
 
 OLEANDER
Common name - Nerium odorum, Rose laurel
Part used - Leaves
· Diarrhoea, stools contain undigested particles of food taken on the previous day.
· Cholera Infantum, everytime they pass wind they soil their diapers. Rolling and rumbling in abdomen with foul flatus.
· Violent itching eruptions on scalp, face, between scrotum and thighs, bleeding and oozing, the fluid hardens in to a crust under which vermins breed. Itching <undressing.
· Headache > by looking side ways and crossing eyes.
· Weakness and paralysis of lower limbs.
 
PLUMERIA CELLINUS
· Tincture internally and externally for snake poisoning.
 
QUABINUM
· Whooping cough.
 
RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA
Common name - Sarpagandha
· High blood pressure with out marked atheromatous changes in blood vessels.
· Fever during peurperium.
· Insanity, violent maniacal symptoms.
· Also acts as a sedative.
 
STROPHANTHUS HISPIDUS
Common name - Kombe seed
Part used - Seed
· Acts on the Heart increasing the systole and diminishing the rapidity.
· A muscle poison , Increases the contractile power of striped muscles.
· Heart’s action weak, irregular due to muscular debility and insufficiency. Irritable heart of tobacco smokers.
· In mitral regurgitation where oedema and dropsy have supervened.
· Arteriosclerosis of the aged.
· Nausea without actual vomiting, great loathing of food. Anaemia.
· Nausea with disgust for alcohol, aids in treatment of dipsomania.
 
TANGHINIA
Part used - Seeds
· Intense distressing vomiting , first of contents of stomach, then of bile and mucus.
· Debility and anxiety with vomiting and purging.
· Numb feeling over whole body, paralysis.
 
THEVETIA
Part used - Seeds
· Diarrhoea and vomiting.
· Irritation in throat and frothy mucus from mouth.
· Tendency to sleep. 
 
 VINCA MINOR
Common name - Lesser periwinkle
Part used – Whole fresh plant
· Humid eruptions on scalp with intense itching and oozing of        moisture matting hair together.
· Plica polonica, Crusta lactea. Crusts underneath which vermins breed.
·  Great sensitiveness of skin with redness and soreness from slight rubbing.
· Tip of nose gets red or purple easily on slightest excitement.
· Passive uterine haemorrhages, menorrhagia especially at climacteric.Uterine fibroids.
 
TOXICOPHLEA THUMBERGI
· General weakness and debility
· Pulse frequent.
· Loss of muscular power.
· Convulsions.