Projective Techniques
Rorschach’s test
Thematic apperception test ( TAT)

Social learning approach
Person situation interaction 

FIVE TRAIT DIMENSIONS 

Extraversion              Talkative -- Silent
                                  Open -- Secretive
                                  Adventurous -- cautious

Agreeableness                Good natured -- Irritable
                                        Gentle -- Headstrong
                                        Co-operative - Negativistic
                                        Conscientiousness Tidy -- Careless
                                        Responsible - undependable
                                        Preserving — Quitting

 Emotional Stability Calm -- Anxious
                                Poised - Nervous
                                Not Hypochondriac -- Hypochondriac

Culture                        Artistically sensitive
                                   Artistically insensitive Refined        
                                   Refined - Boorish
                                   Intellectual -- Unreflective

 
                                     Temperament - typing
                       (concerns Joviality, moodiness, tenseness and activity)
                                                    Types
Viscerotonia                  Somatotonia                            Cerebrotonia
(visceral comforts)     (bodily/somatic activity)            (cerebral process)
 eating                         competitiveness                     thoughtfulness
 joviality                   energetic movements                      restraint
relaxation                      aggressiveness           unusual sensitiveness 

Carl Jung
(Swiss Shrink- a student of Freud)
                               Extraverts
Personality types
                               Introverts
 
Personality
A term of fascination for public, used and overused by so called intellectuals In the society, but indeed a difficult one to define.
 
   The organization of an individuals distinguishing characteristics, attitudes or habits.

•  Encompass an individuals unique ways of acting, behaving or otherwise experiencing the environment

•  Conerns primarily Individual behaviour ( behaviour broadly conceived and may Include mental and physical manifestations).

•  Therefore Personality comprises of the stable qualities of an individual organised to a totality.
   
                                              Trait
  Any characteristic in which one Individual differs from another In a relatively permanent and consistent way. Eg. Adjectives like friendly, cautious, excitable, Intelligent, anxious

TRAIT CONSISTENCY — unreliable, less probable (eg. John McEnroe)
Evidence that no strong correspondence exists between behavior and traits.

Mental apparatus

Id                  Pleasure principle
                    Immediate
                    Instinctual immediate gratification
 
Ego            Differentiated mental apparatus
                  Rational buffer between reality and instinct
                  Reality principle
Superego    Develops at the age of 8
                  Moral system
                  Consciences:
                  Corporating parental values and rules 
 
            Ego Defense mechanisms
Denial                                     Rationalisation
Displacement                          Reaction formation
Intellectualization                     Regression
Introjection / Identification         Repression
Projection                               Sublimation
 
PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY — no laws exist here
                                                   Therefore useful to have a number of competing theories that can be compared and contrasted.
OVER DETERMINATION — Most complex human behaviours have more than one cause and more than one meaning ( Freud)

 
PSYCHOANALYTIC MODELS OF PERSONALITY
                     People born with Psychic energy
           Transformed                                     Redirected

COMPLEX HUMAN BEHAVIOR 
Human mind (an active agent) has the divisions that keep some material from entering the conscious experience.
 
    FREUDS PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY
         Instinctual energy
      (to have two sources)
               Eros                           Thanatos
        Self preservation               Destruction
       Species preservation   (even self destruction)
  (Includes sexual functions)

Courtesy: Dr..Abdurahman. BHMS,MD(Hom)