Professionally honest educators, mainly teachers are decreasing  day by day. Teachers are more interested in private practice which increase their income rather than regular classroom or clinical teaching favorable socio-academic climate is necessary to realize well intended goals.

The teacher think he is a paid employee and therefore his duty is only to teach in the prescribed period with out knowing the pulse of the student. Thus students lose interest in the   particular subject that is being taught.

The guidance and counseling does not exist any more. The students after completing the course are in the dark and unable to decide upon the future. If the teacher take interest and give some guidance and counseling this problem will be solved.

Knowledge is expanding so fast that a teacher, however well informed ,cannot clear the doubts of the students. But students could be guided to the source from which the requisite details are obtainable. Instead of feeding the students with a standardized text book based knowledge, teachers could insist in Inquisitive learners, real thirst for self learning. Teachers should be facilitators for self learning than dictators of pre- fabricated notes.

In every class, teacher is likely to come across a few bright students, who could out smart the teacher. This should not disturb the teachers ego. Rather it should remind him to be a life long learner. Most of us don't pay much attention to acquiring skills for effective communication with audience. To ensure greater and more successful interaction with students ,it is necessary to acquire skills of communication.

COMMUNICATION AND ITS PURPOSES
Communication is a process of sharing  ideas, information, attitudes, values or instruction with individuals or with groups, to facilitate progressive change in knowledge, attitudes and practices. It involve both giving and receiving information.

 PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION
#. Giving and receiving information
#. Instructing and educating
#. Persuading others to change
#. Strengthening beliefs
#. Entertaining
#. Improving human relationship
#. Satisfying wants

   The primary method of giving and receiving information is speaking & listening. We instruct assist and advice the people  around us using speech and we learn new ideas and acquire knowledge by listening to others.
While verbally communicating with people, we should be very careful with our non verbal communication as well, such as gestures, facial expression, tone etc., so that the credibility of our spoken words get enhanced.

ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

1.SENDER
When you initiate a conversation, you are a sender or a communicator. To be an effective sender you must develop An ability to think clearly
Organize your thoughts properly express or transmit them effectively thro' an appropriate channel 

2.MESSAGE
Message is what you formulate using spoken/written    words,pictures,gestures etc.
It requires a great deal of skill to formulate the message which another person can understand accurately. 
To be a successive communicator the message should be
Clearly stated
Complete in all respect
Use evidence and reasoning to change belief
Framed in a manner that people would want to understand  it, and that they understand what you intend to convey

3.CHANNEL
Channel refers to the medium you have selected for transmitting your message to the receiver. When selecting a channel or medium, you must take in to consideration the receivers ability to comprehend the message through the channel.
Eg. If you want to communicate a message to your collegeous about a meeting scheduled to be held at a place on a particular date & time. The best channel for this communication would be a written note giving the exact place, date & time along with the agenda or purpose of meeting. So that there is no scope for communication gap or confusion.

4.RECEIVER
Receiver at the other end of the process of communication,  who receive the message you send according to his/her ability   to comprehend. How the receiver comprehend the message is influenced by his perception, familiarity with the language or medium chosen by the sender and the clarity in the formulation of the message.

5.FEED BACK
Feed back is the response or the reaction of the receive to the message he or she has received. It is one of the most important element of ommunication.Feed back from the receiver helps the sender to clarify the message, there by improving   communication.

BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

1.PROBLEMS OF THE SENDER
If the sender or communicator does not formulate the message clearly and completely or unskilled in the correct use of channels, signs & symbols, the communication may not be effective and in some case it may breakdown completely.

#.PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
      Cleanliness & orderliness in ones physical appearance are always appealing to the audience. They add to your personality, boost your confidence, thus adding to effective communication. A clumsy unclean communicator wearing in appropriate clothes does not arouse the faith of the audience.

#. SPEECH
The way the person speaks has a very important bearing in the communication process. Very often it is the anxiety or fear that mars our speech and hamper effective communication. These causes can be overcome by building ones self confidence _ by identifying the factors that cause fear and anxiety and by making an effort of overcoming them.

#. LANGUAGE
The choice of the language, words, pitches and expression has a great influence on the effectiveness of the communication. If we are not pro- efficient in the language we have chosen to communicate in, an entirely different meaning could be inferred by the receivers.
A moderately pitched well modulated voice add to the  information you want to communicate. If the voice is low. people are likely to miss out on the content; too shrill a voice or speaking in a monotone is likely to put the audience to sleep.

#. MESSAGE
Even though you are a good communicator with a good command over language and diction, you may not have formulated the message well. The message may be ambiguous or incomplete. This will result in poor or inadequate understanding by the receivers.

#.CHANNEL
Selection of the channel for communicating a message is as important as the formulation of the message itself. A poor or wrong selection of channel often leads to confusion.

 2. PROBLEMS OF THE RECEIVER
A different perception and lack of interest and motivation on the part of the receiver are among the factors that may prevent    a message from taking an impact.

#.DIFFERENCE IN PERCEPTION
The same thing is often perceived differently by different people _ this may be because of difference in age, socio-cultural circumstances and life experience _ the communication may not serve the intended purpose.
Here lies the importance of feed back. If you skillfully encourage group participation, you would be able to obtain a feed back, so that the gap in the shared information can be identified and doubts removed.
Eg. After giving the information about the repertory, encourage them to express their opinion & views, wherein difference in opinion was reflected.

#.POOR MOTIVATION AND INTEREST
If the person you are talking to is not interested in what is being said, the message get lost without making an impact.
They may be physically present with you, their mind may not be with you. You must be aware of this aspects. To interest and motivate the receivers to come and listen to you, requires tremendous communication skill. So plan your communication in such a way that it is appealing and also generates interest and curiosity.

THIS CAN BE DONE BY
* Framing relevant & interesting messages
* Using audio visual aids wherever possible
* Relating the text of the communication to real life experiences & including examples from every day life of the target group.

SUGGESTIONS FOR BEING AN  EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATOR

1. The language and vocabulary you use should be familiar to the person you are talking with

2. Speak loudly as every one can hear properly

3. Speak at a moderate pace _ neither too fast, nor too slow

4. Your pronunciation should be such that it is understood and    accepted by the listeners

5. Your expression and gestures should match your words.  Your reaction and expressions are more truthful indication of  your feelings than the spoken words.

6. Look for reactions of persons you are communicating   with. Watch for their changing expressions, gestures and non verbal clues as these would give you some idea about   how they are reacting

7. Communication is sharing If you share something personal about yourself, it can  encourage others to become more open. This will establish a   bond for effective communication & understanding.

8. Listen to others without criticism or comments You must listen with an unbiased open mind
   Don't display your authority or knowledge excessively, for then the others tend to get defensive. A good communicator always try to reduce the defensive behavior in others thus promoting a better communication.

9. Be sensitive to the reactions of the audience towards you and to your style of communication
   If you sense their reaction to be negative, then introspect and reflect upon yourself and see where you may be making mistakes.
   Respect their view points and treat them as individuals regardless of you personal bias.

" Understand yourself. understand others, get involved in the communication situation "

TYPES OF MESSAGES
Lecture
Demonstration
Group discussion
Role play
Case study
Story telling

      LECTURE - A DIFFERENT APPROACH

 The communication in the lecture method is largely one way and the communication is often information oriented. It is a traditional method of communication and is especially useful when an information has to be communicated to a large group.

  Since the lecture method is basically a one way communication, you can convey a large amount of information in a short time without any interruptions . You can also decide the sequence of information to be imparted.

The successful use of this method will depend on your competence. If you have access to correct information, and have rehearsed and timed the delivery of the lecture, you would be successful.
It is a skill that can be mastered through practice.

 ORGANISING THE LECTURE
 To organize a lecture you must follow the following 3 steps
 Step.1 - Acquire necessary knowledge or information on the topic
 Step .2 _ Plan your lecture session under 4 heads

Introduction
Body of the talk
Recapitulation
Summary

Step.3 _ Acquire necessary aids like posters, slides, Lcds to strengthen and support the spoken words.
The Knowledge or information that you use in your lecture should be reliable and correct. You can acquire this from books, magazines,by listening to others and from your own    experience.
First give a brief introduction, this link the topic of your lecture with the previous knowledge of the receivers.
The content to be talked about form the body of the lecture.
The information to be provided and its logical sequence must be planned well so that you don’t go back and forth.
To make your lecture more effective .you must repeat the main points lectured by you _ This is recapitulation
After recapitulation, you may ask receivers to summaries the Main learning points. This is essential as it reinforce points and also give you a feedback as to how much the receivers have  understood your lecture.
Supportive aids help you in explaining, as also hold the interest of the receivers.
* Preparation depend on the type of audience
* Make your on contribution while using any aids
 
LIMITATIONS OF THE LECTURE METHOD
This method permits very little interaction with the receivers, because it is usually a one way communication. It is assumed that whatever information you are passing on is being imbibed by the receivers, as there is little scope of getting a feedback
This medium is inappropriate for teaching a skill. Acquire a skill requires observation of the process of doing a task and its practice. Both this elements ie. observation and practice are absent in the lecture method.
To make your lecture effective ,you require a lot of practice.

SUGGESTIONS TO IMPROVE THE LECTURE METHOD

• Ask questions in between your lecture to encourage participation. This will stimulate the audience to think and they will be more attentive. 

• Plan your lecture such that there is enough time at the end of the lecture to clarify the doubts of the audience.

• While imparting information, try to illustrate what you say through examples.

• Try to introduce humor in your lecture. It help to hold the interest of the listners, there by promoting better communication.

• Combine different methods with the lecture to make the communication more participatory.

• Use methods like demonstrations, case study presentation, audio & video aids etc. in conjunction with the lecture method. This will go a long way in fostering better  understanding of the subject under discussion.

ROLE OF COMMUNICATION AIDS
The role of communication aids in education is to make learning real, practical and fun through seeing. hearing, discovering and doing. communication aids which encourage audience to experience things for themselves through exploring, understanding and applying, make learning more meaningful, useful and adventurous. 

ADVANTAGES
Communication aids help to reduce the talking verbatim of the communicator
 They help to make communication situation interesting
 They help to increase the receivers participation

CUES FOR EFFECTIVE PRESENTATION
Before starting the presentation
Arrange the area properly
Check all the aids to be used
Arranged prepared aids ensuring good visibility
Rehearse the presentation including the narration
Adjusting the speed of delivery depending on the rate of audience understanding
Keep the narration simplest the point and brief
Summaries the message using visual sequence
Limit your lecture for a specified period.
 
REFERENCES
The Hindu : Open page
IGNOU : Study materials
Mangle : Educational psychology
Listen : You are OK I am OK